مقایسه کارآیی ماشین‌های برداشت پنبه متاثر از رقم و تراکم بوته در استان فارس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی- مرکز تحقیقات و اموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس

چکیده

چکیده
گسترش برداشت مکانیکی پنبه می‌تواند باعث تغییرات قابل توجهی در فرایند تولید مرسوم پنبه از نظر رقم و آرایش کاشت شود. بر این اساس در طی آزمایشی، تاثیر رقم و تراکم بوته بر کارآیی کمباین‌های وش‌چین و غوزه‌چین ارزیابی شد. این پژوهش با استفاده از آزمایش کرت‌های دو‌بار خرد‌شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی داراب اجرا شد. کرت اصلی شامل دو نوع ماشین برداشت وش‌چین (PC) و غوزه‌چین (SC)، کرت فرعی رقم پنبه در سه سطح ماکسا (V1)،گلستان (V2)، حکمت (V3) و کرت فرعی-فرعی شامل تراکم بوته در سه سطح 8 (PP1)، 11 (PP2) 14 (PP3) بوته در متر مربع بود. نتایج نشان داد که نوع کمباین، رقم و تراکم بوته پنبه تاثیر معنی‌داری بر شاخص‌های کارایی کمباین دارد. بیشترین مقدار ظرفیت ماده‌ای متعلق به کمباین غوزه-چین انگشتی‌دار بود. نتایج همچنین آشکار ساخت که استفاده از کمباین وش‌چین موجب کاهش تلفات وش ریخته‌شده روی زمین (9/38%) و افزایش کارایی برداشت (5/3%) در مقایسه با کمباین غوزه‌چین شد. در تیمار کمباین غوزه‌چین، با افزایش تراکم از 8 به 14 بوته در متر مربع مقدار تلفات زمینی و تلفات ساقه به‌ترتیب 3/22 و 5/50 درصد کاهش یافت. بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق و با توجه به عملکرد محصول و تلفات وش، تراکم 11 بوته در متر مربع به‌ترتیب در ترکیب با رقم گلستان و ماکسا برای نواحی پنبه‌کاری جنوب استان فارس مناسب تشخیص داده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of cotton harvesters performance affected by variety and plant density in Fars province

نویسنده [English]

  • Majid Roozbeh
Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
چکیده [English]

The spread of mechanical cotton harvesting can cause significant changes in the conventional cotton production process from the point of planting pattern and variety. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the cotton picker and stripper performance as affected by in conjunction with plant density and cultivar from 2019 to 2020. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with split-split plot arranged in three replications. The cotton harvester were in two levels of spindle picker cotton (PC) and finger stripper cotton (SC) as the main plot, three cultivars as the subplot include: Macsa (V1), Golestan (V2), Hekmat (V3) and the plant density (PP1:10, PP2:13, PP3:16 plant m2) as sub-sub plot. The results showed that cotton harvester, variety and plant density had a significant effect on performance indexes of cotton harvester. The maximum effective field capacity and material capacity belonged to finger stripper harvester. The results also revealed that the PC treatment on average decreased ground loss by 38.9% and increased harvesting efficiency by 3.5% compared to SC treatment. As the plant density was increased from 10 to 16 plant m2 in SC treatment, the ground loss and stalk loss were decreased (22.3 and 50.5, respectively). The highest seed cotton yield was observed in the V2× PP2 interaction. According to our findings and based on the seed cotton yield and crop losses, application of PP2 treatment in combination with V2 and V1 treatments were seen suitable in the cotton growing regions of Fars province.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Boll number
  • ground loss
  • harvest efficiency
  • seed cotton yield
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