ارزیابی فنی کاربرد آبگرمکن خورشیدی صفحه تخت در گرمایش گلخانه‌ها در جنوب استان کرمان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، جیرفت، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم و مکانیزاسیون، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

3 بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
در این پژوهش، کاربرد سامانه خورشیدی از لحاظ فنی برای گرمایش یک گلخانه، از نوع دوقلو با سازه‌ قوسی و پوشش پلی‌اتیلن تک لایه، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور در ابتدا، نیاز گرمایشی گلخانه تعیین شد. سپس با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده، آبگرمکن خورشیدی از نوع صفحه تخت، با شش مترمربع جمع‌کننده و 500 لیتر حجم مخزن، انتخاب و در کنار یک واحد گلخانه‌ تولید خیار، برای گرمایش هوای درون گلخانه به کمک چهار عدد رادیاتور آلومینیومی 10 پره، نصب گردید. در ادامه با استفاده از آزمون t جفت شده، نتایج بدست آمده در این گلخانه با نوع مرسوم در منطقه که دارای بخاری گازوئیلی بود، مقایسه گردید. نتایج نشان داد که از منظر میزان کربن دی‌اکسید، متوسط دما و رطوبت نسبی اختلاف معنی‌داری میان دو گلخانه مشاهده نشد ولی از حیث شاخص کلروفیل و عملکرد محصول، میان دو گلخانه، به ترتیب در سطح احتمال یک و پنج درصد اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود داشت که گلخانه گازوئیلی از میانگین بالاتری برخوردار بود. همچنین مدیریت چهار عامل کمینه دما، متوسط دما، محتوای کلروفیل و بیشینه رطوبت نسبی در گلخانه مجهز به آبگرمکن خورشیدی و کنترل دو عامل کمینه دما و محتوای کلروفیل، در گلخانه مجهز به بخاری گازوئیلی، می‌تواند منجر به بهبود فتوسنتز و افزایش عملکرد شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Technical Evaluation of the Use of Flat Panel Solar Water Heaters in Greenhouse Heating in the South of Kerman Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Moein Mokhtari Sataiy 1
  • Houshang Bahrami 2
  • Mohammad Javad Sheikh Davoodi 2
  • Davood Momeni 3
  • Mohsen Soleymani 2
1 Department of Agricultural Engineering Research, South of Kerman Province Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Jiroft, Iran
2 Department of Biosystems Mechanic Engineering and Mechanization, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
3 Department of Agricultural Engineering Research, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
In this study, the application of a solar system for heating a greenhouse of twin type with arched structure and single layer polyethylene coating was investigated. For this purpose, initially, the heating needs of the greenhouse were determined. Then, according to the obtained results, a flat-panel solar water heater with a collector of 6 square meters and a tank volume of 500 liters was selected and installed next to the greenhouse cucumber production unit to heat the air inside the greenhouse with 4 unit of 10-blade aluminum radiators. Then, using paired t-test, the results obtained in this greenhouse were compared with the conventional type in the area that had a diesel heater. The results showed that in terms of carbon dioxide, average temperature and relative humidity, there was no significant difference between the two greenhouses, but in terms of chlorophyll index and crop yield, there was a significant difference between the two greenhouses, at a probability level of 1 and 5 percent, respectively. Diesel had a higher average in these factors. Also, managing the four factors of minimum temperature, average temperature, chlorophyll content and maximum relative humidity in the greenhouse equipped with solar water heater and controlling the two factors of minimum temperature and chlorophyll content in the greenhouse equipped with diesel heater can improve photosynthesis and increase yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Greenhouse heating
  • Meteorological statistics
  • Relative humidity
  • Sunlight
  • Temperature
Ali, H. (1987). Solar Energy Availability at Tehran: Performance of Different Types of Solar Collectors. Energy Conversion and Management, 27: 39-44.
Angstrom, A. (1924). Solar and terrestrial radiation, QJ Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 50, 121–126.
Anon. (2020). World energy outlook https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2020.
Bakirci, K. (2012a). Correlations for optimum tilt angles of solar collectors: a case study in Erzurum, Turkey. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 34(11), 983-993.
Bakirci, K. (2012b). General models for optimum tilt angles of solar panels: Turkey case study. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(8), 6149-6159.
Benghanem, M. (2011). Optimization of tilt angle for solar panel: Case study for Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Applied Energy, 88(4), 1427-1433.
Castilla, N. (2013). Greenhouse technology and management. Cabi.
Damrath, J. (1978). Greenhouse heating with sun energy. Acta Hort. 76: 181-184.
Duffie, J.A. and Beckman, W.A. (1992). Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes. New York: Wiley.
Elbatawi, I., Mohri, K., Namba, K. and Filipovic, D. (1998). Utilization of solar energy for heating a greenhouse at nighttime. Actual tasks on agricultural engineering, Proceedings 26th International Symposium on Agricultural Engineering, Opatija, Croatia, 3-6 February 1998, 117-124.
Farzaneh, A., Nemati, SH. and Vahdati, N. (2011). The effect of some meteorological parameters (temperature and light) on yield indices and quantitative and qualitative traits of four tomato cultivars. Journal of Water and Soil (Agricultural Science and Technology), 25(3), 697-688. (In Persian).
Girnar, J. and Gadhe, P. (2019). Optimum Tilt Angle for Solar Panel in Pune. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management. 5(2). 182-185.
Grafiadellis, I. and Traka-mavrona, E. (2011). Heating greenhouse with solar energy: new trends and developments. International Symposium on Advanced Technologies and Management towards Sustainable Greenhouse Ecosystems. Greece.
Handoyo, E., Ichsani, D. and Prabowo. (2013). The Optimal Tilt Angle of a Solar Collector. Energy Procedia 32, 166 – 175.
Momeni, D. (2019). Investigation of energy consumption indicators in the production of greenhouse cucumbers in southern Kerman. Extension Journal of Greenhouse Vegetable, 2 (2), 27-33. (In Persian).
Momeni, D. and Al-Munther, S. (2010). Use of New Energy in Greenhouses, Case Study: Application of Geothermal System in Tunisian Greenhouses. Fifth National Conference on New Ideas in Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Isfahan. 27 and 28 February. (In Persian).
Momeni, D. and Rahmati, MH. (2012). Evaluation of the effects of temperature and humidity control on greenhouse cucumber production in Jiroft and Kahnooj regions. Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 2(1), 45-38. (In Persian).
Momeni, D., Rezvani, MA. and Zarei, Q. (2020). Comprehensive guide to heating energy consumption management in greenhouses. Agricultural Education Publication, P.8. (In Persian).
Naderloo, L. and Dehlaqi, L. (2016), Estimation of solar energy potential on the horizon and sloping surface in Kermanshah province, 9th National Congress of Agricultural Machinery Engineering (Biosystem Mechanics) and Mechanization, Mashhad, 9 and 10 September. (In Persian).
Prescott, J. A. (1940). Evaporation from a water surface in relation to solar radiation. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Aust., 46, 114-118.
Safdarian, F. and Nazari, M. E. (2015). Optimal tilt angle and orientation for solar collectors in Iran. In 2015 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electrical Machines, Power Electronics and Drives (SDEMPED) (pp. 494-500). IEEE.
Santamouris, M., Argiriou, A. and Vallindras, M. (1994). Design and operation of a low energy consumption passive solar agricultural greenhouse. Solar Energy, 52(5), 371-378.
Savytskyi, M., Danishevskyy, V. and Bordun, M. (2020). Accumulation of solar energy to heat greenhouses. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 985, No. 1, p. 012013). IOP Publishing.
Shah Hosseini, S. and Taghipour, H. (2014). Economic study and analysis of solar energy use in greenhouses in Golestan province. The First National Conference on the Position of Management and Accounting in the New World of Business, Economics and Culture, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul Branch, 29 August. (In Persian).
Sheiker, P. (2009). Optimum Tilt Angle and Orientation for Solar Collector in Brunei. Energy Conversion and Management, 50: 2439-2448.
Shekari, F., Masiha, S. and Esmailpour, B. (2006). Physiology of vegetables. Volume One (Translation), Zanjan University Press. (In Persian).
Soulayman, S. and Sabbagh, W. (2015). Optimum Tilt Angle at Tropical Region. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 4(1).
Tang R., Yang, Y. and Gao, W. (2011). Comparative Studies on Thermal Performance of Water-in-glass Evacuated Tube Solar Water Heaters with Different Collector Tilt-angles. Solar Energy, 85: 1381-1389.
Thongbai, P., Kozai, T. and Ohyama, K. (2010). CO2 and air circulation effects on photosynthesis and transpiration of tomato seedlings. Scientia Horticulturae, 126(3), 338-344.
Vox, G., Teitel, M., Pardossi, A., Minuto, A., Tinivella, F. and Schettini, E. (2010). Sustainable greenhouse system. NOVA science publisher Inc. Chapter 1. ISBN: 978-1-60876-269-9.
Yang, W. H., Zhu, X. C., Deng, S. C., Wang, H. C., Hu, G. B., Wu, H. and Huang, X. M. (2010). Developmental problems in over-winter off-season longan fruit. I: Effect of temperatures. Scientia horticulturae, 126(3), 351-358.
Yousefi, H., Roumi, S., Tabasi, S. and Hamlehdar, M. (2018). Economic and air pollution effects of city council legislations on renewable energy utilisation in Tehran. International Journal of Ambient Energy, 39(6), 626-631.