تعیین شاخص های مهم انرژی در گلخانه های خیار در منطقه ورامین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

بخش تحقیقات کشت های گلخانه ای، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان تهران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ورامین، تهران، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
این پروژه به منظور مطالعه شاخص ­های انرژی در تولید خیار گلخانه ­ای در منطقه ورامین انجام شده است. برای جمع ­آوری داده ­ها، علاوه بر تمرکز داده­ برداری در یک گلخانه، بررسی میدانی به صورت تصادفی در 30 گلخانه تولید خیار موجود در منطقه ورامین نیز انجام شد. نهاده­ های انرژی در این مطالعه شامل، انرژی کود، مکانیکی، کارگری، آفت­ کش ­ها، بذر، آبیاری، حمل و نقل بود. با در اختیار داشتن داده­ های مربوط به نهاده ­های انرژی و مقدار انرژی خروجی، شاخص ­های مهم انرژی نیز محاسبه گردیدند. نتایج حاصله نشان داد که متوسط کل انرژی مصرفی برای تولید خیار گلخانه ­ای در منطقه ورامین GJ/ha 1/4530 گردید. بیش­ترین مصرف انرژی مربوط به نهاده­ های سوخت (گاز مصرفی) و سموم شیمیایی بود که به ترتیب معادل  GJ/ha8/4463 و 2/27 گردیدند. انرژی صرف شده برای سوخت به تنهایی معادل 98 درصد از کل انرژی صرف شده در تولید خیار گلخانه ­ای را داشت. علت مصرف زیاد سوخت در این گلخانه ­ها می­تواند به علت نامناسب بودن پوشش­ گلخانه ­ای (پلاستیک) باشد. درصد انرژی صرف شده مستقیم در تولید خیار گلخانه­ ای 54/98 درصد و انرژی صرف شده به ­صورت غیر­مستقیم کمتر از یک درصد محاسبه شد. عملکرد متوسط محصول 261 تن در هکتار و انرژی تولیدی معادل GJ/ha 8/208 به دست آمد. نسبت انرژی 046/0، سود خالص انرژی GJ/ha (4321-) و بهره وری انرژی kg/MJ 057/0 گردیدند. در نهایت نتایج نشان داد که بهینه ­سازی مصرف گاز می ­تواند باعث کاهش چشمگیری در کل مصرف انرژی در تولید خیار در منطقه ورامین بشود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining the Important Energy Indicators in Cucumber Greenhouses in Varamin Region

نویسنده [English]

  • Fereydoun Keshavarzpour Lonbar
Greenhouse Cultivation Research Department, Tehran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Varamin, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
This project has been carried out in order to study the energy indicators in greenhouse cucumber production in Varamin region. For data collection, a greenhouse was selected for a concentrated survay and beside, 30 other cucumber production greenhouses were selected randomly and investigated in Varamin region. Energy inputs in this study included embodied energy in fertilizers, chemicals, machinery, labor, seeds, irrigation, and transportation. The results showed that the total energy consumption for greenhouse cucumber production in Varamin region was in average 4530.1 GJ/ha. The highest energy consumption was related to fuel (natural gas) and chemical toxins, which were respectively 4463.9 and 27.2 GJ/ha. The fuel energy consumption alone accounted for 98% of the total energy. The reason for high fuel consumption in these greenhouses was related to greenhouse warming, intensive because of inadequate greenhouse cover (plastic). The energy consumed directly in the production of greenhouse cucumber was 98.54 and the energy consumed indirectly was less than one percent. The average crop yield was 261 tons per hectare and its energy output equivalent was 208.8 GJ/ha. The energy ratio was calculated to be 0.046, net energy gain was (-4321) GJ/ha and the energy productivity was 0.057 kg/MJ. Finally, the results showed that optimizing gas consumption can significantly reduce the total energy consumption in cucumber production in Varamin region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Energy consumption
  • Energy production
  • Energy efficiency
  • Greenhouse
  • Varamin
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