فراتحلیل اثر کم‌خاک‌ورزی و بی‌خاک‌ورزی بر عملکرد گندم در شرایط دیم ایران

نویسنده

1- بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان همدان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

چکیده

ااثر روش‌های مختلف خاک‌ورزی بر عملکرد گندم در شرایط دیم ایران در مطالعات متعددی بررسی شده است. بیشتر مطالعات انجام شده فقط یک محدوده کوچک ( آزمایشات مزرعه‌ای در یک منطقه) را پوشش می‌دهند که در برخی موارد دارای نتایج ضد و نقیص می‌باشند. هدف از این تحقیق، بررسی اثر خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی (کم‌خاک‌ورزی و بی‌خاک‌ورزی) بر عملکرد گندم دیم با استفاده از مطالعات و پژوهش‌های داخلی و به-کارگیری روش فراتحلیل است. بدین‌منظور مقاله‌ها، گزارش‌های پژوهشی و پایان‌نامه‌های دانشجویی در فاصلۀ زمانی 1370 تا 1400 با استفاده از واژه‌های کلیدی مرتبط با خاک‌ورزی در محصول گندم دیم مرور شد. پس از کنترل کیفی، 29 مطالعه برای مقایسۀ کم‌خا‌ک‌ورزی با خاک‌ورزی رایج و 22 مطالعه برای مقایسه روش بی‌خاک‌ورزی با خاک‌ورزی رایج با استفاده از مدل تصادفی وارد فرایند فراتحلیل شدند. بر اساس نتایج به‌دست آمده، با توجه به مقدار اندازه اثر در روش کم‌خاک‌ورزی (42/0+=SMD) و بی‌خاک‌ورزی (43/0- =SMD) می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که روش کم‌خاک-ورزی در مقایسه با روش خاک‌ورزی رایج باعث افزایش عملکرد گندم (44/1+ درصد) و روش بی‌خاک‌ورزی باعث کاهش عملکرد گندم (77/7- درصد) شده است. پیشنهاد می‌شود در اراضی دیم، یکی از روش‌های کم‌خاک‌ورزی شامل: 1- شخم با خا‌ک‌ورز حفاظتی (گاوآهن قلمی مجهز به غلطک)، 2- شخم با چیزل‌پکر و 3- شخم با گاوآهن قلمی + دیسک جایگزین روش رایج خاک‌ورزی (شخم با گاوآهن برگرداندار+دیسک + ماله) با رعایت تناوب گیاهی شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Meta-analysis of the effect of minimum tillage and no-tillage on wheat yield in Iran's rainfed conditions

نویسنده [English]

  • ahmad heidari
1- Department of Agricultural Engineering Research, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension organization (AREEO), Hamadan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The effect of different tillage methods on wheat yield in Iran's dryland conditions has been investigated in several studies. Most of the conducted studies only cover a small area (field experiments in one area), which in some cases have contradictory and incomplete results. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of conservation tillage (reduced tillage and no tillage) on dryland wheat yield using domestic studies with meta-analysis method. For this purpose, articles, research reports and student thesis between 1991 and 2021 were reviewed using key keywords related to tillage in the dryland wheat. Finally, after quality control, 29 studies were selected to compare minimum tillage method with conventional tillage and 22 studies were selected to compare no-tillage with conventional tillage using a random model. Based on the results, according to the effect size in the method of minimum tillage (SMD = +0.42) and no tillage (SMD = -0.43), it can be concluded that the minimum tillage method has increased wheat yield (+1.44%) and no-tillage method has decreased wheat yield (-7.7%) compared to conventional tillage method. It is suggested in dry lands, that one of the minimum tillage methods includes: 1- plowing with combinated tiller (chisel plow equipped with roller), 2- plowing with chisel-packer and 3-plowing with chisel plow + disk should be used instead of the conventional tillage (moldboard ploughing + disc + leveler) by observing plant rotation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chisel plow
  • Conservation tillage
  • Direct drilling
  • Moldboard plow
  • Systematic review
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