افزایش میزان تولید بیوگاز از ضایعات میوه: استفاده از پیش تیمارهای شیمیایی، مکانیکی و حرارتی و هضم ترکیبی با فضولات دامی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان

2 گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

سالانه بخش قابل توجهی از محصولات میوه و تره‌بار به دلیل نامناسب بودن سیستم حمل و نقل و امکانات ذخیره سازی در کشور تلف می‌شود. ضایعات محصولات توت‌فرنگی و سیب در ایران به ترتیب 40% و 31% تخمین زده می‌شود که می‌تواند به عنوان منبع زیست‌توده در تولید بیوانرژی در نظر گرفته شود. ضایعات میوه با وجود پتانسیل مناسب در تولید بیوگاز، به دلیل داشتن مواد لیگنوسلولزی برای کاهش زمان تجزیه بیولوژیکی به پیش تیمار نیاز دارند. در این پژوهش تاثیر پیش تیمار‌های مکانیکی، شیمیایی و حرارتی بر تجزیه پذیری ضایعات میوه و میزان تولید بیوگاز از هضم ترکیبی آن با فضولات دامی بررسی شد. پیش تیمار مکانیکی با خرد کردن ضایعات سیب و توت فرنگی به قطعات 5، 10 و 15 میلی متر، پیش تیمار شیمیایی با قرار دادن ضایعات میوه در محلول هیدروکسیدسدیم (NaOH) به غلظت‌های 6، 8 و 10 درصد به مدت 3 ساعت و تیمار حرارتی با قرار دادن ضایعات به همراه آب مقطر در داخل مایکروویو در توان 800 وات به مدت 10، 20 و 30 دقیقه انجام شدند. ضایعات پیش‌فرآوری شده با فضولات دامی ترکیب شده و در شرایط هضم ‌بی‌هوازی به مدت 25 روز داخل هاضم‌های ناپیوسته تغذیه شدند. نتایج نشان داد که پیش تیمارهای‌های خرد کردن، هیدروکسید سدیم و مایکروویو میزان تولید بیوگاز را نسبت به حالت شاهد به ترتیب 5%، 9/50% و 3/27% افزایش دادند. روش پیش‌فرآوری شیمیایی با هیدروکسید سدیم بیشترین تأثیر را بر میزان بیوگاز تولیدی داشت و می‌تواند به عنوان روشی مطلوب برای پیش‌فرآوری ضایعات مذکور پیشنهاد شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Improving biogas production from fruit waste: using chemical, mechanical and thermal pretreatments and co-digestion with cow manure

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saman Fayazi 1
  • Samira Zareei 2
  • Hadi Samimi-Akhijahani 1
  • Mohammad Reza Maleki 2
1 Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan
2 Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Every year, a significant part of fruit and vegetable products is lost due to the country's inappropriate transportation systems and storage facilities. The waste of strawberry and apple products in Iran is estimated at 40% and 31%, respectively; which can be considered as a source of biomass in bioenergy production. Despite the good biogas production potential, fruit waste requires pretreatment due to lignocellulosic matter to reduce biological decomposition time. This research investigated the effect of mechanical, chemical and thermal pretreatments on the degradability of fruit waste and the amount of biogas production from its co-digestion with cow manure. Mechanical pretreatment was by crushing apple and strawberry waste into pieces of 5, 10 and 15 mm, chemical pretreatment was by placing fruit waste in sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) at concentrations of 6, 8 and 10% for 3 hours and heat treatment was done by putting waste together with distilled water inside the microwave at 800 watts for 10, 20 and 30 minutes. The pretreated wastes were co-digested with cow manure and were fed into the batch digesters under anaerobic digestion conditions for 25 days. The results showed that the pretreatments of crushing, sodium hydroxide and the microwave increased biogas production compared to the control by 5%, 50.9% and 27.3%, respectively. Chemical pretreatment can be suggested as a preferred method of pretreatment of the identified wastes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Anaerobic digestion
  • Crushing
  • Microwave
  • Sodium hydroxide
  • Strawberry
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