ارزیابی تولید توت‌فرنگی گلخانه‌ای به روش هیدروپونیک بر اساس شاخص‌های زیست محیطی، اکسرژی و امرژی برای بهبود پایداری

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی ماشین های کشاورزی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج ایران

2 گروه مهندسی ماشینهای کشاورزی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج ایران

چکیده

در این مطالعه تولید توت‌فرنگی گلخانه‌ای به روش هیدروپونیک در شهرستان ساوجبلاغ از نظر تبعات زیست‌محیطی ناشی از مصرف نهاده‌های کشاورزی، شاخص تقاضای اکسرژی و امرژی مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل از شاخص‌های ارزیابی با استفاده از روش IMPACT 2002+ در نرم‌افزار Simapro بدست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که کود فسفات (P2O5) با حدود 89 درصد بیش‌ترین تأثیر را بر بخش اثر استخراج منابع دارد. طبق محاسبات انجام شده حاصل از وزن‌دهی، دسته خسارت انسان دارای بیش‌ترین مقدار و دسته کیفیت زیست‌بوم دارای کم‌ترین مقدار خسارت بود. احتراق سوخت دیزل و الکتریسیته به ترتیب با مقادیر mPt 68/43 و mPt 17/32، دارای تأثیر به‌سزایی در خسارت سلامت انسان بودند. بر اساس شاخص اکسرژی نیز، منابع تجدیدناپذیر فسیلی با سهم حدود 99 درصد و مقدار 4E+09/1 مگاژول بر تن، بیش‌ترین تقاضای اکسرژی تجمعی را به خود اختصاص دادند. همچنین بر اساس نتایج، بیش‌ترین امرژی در تولید محصول مربوط به نیروی کار انسانی با مقدار (sej/ha) 16E+73/1 و پس از آن بیش‌ترین مقادیر امرژی به ترتیب مربوط به آب آبیاری با مقدار (sej/ha) 16E+36/1 و گاز شهری معادل (sej/ha) 15E+36/5 محاسبه شد. بر اساس نتایج حاصل، پیشنهاد می‌گردد که با به‌کارگیری روش‌های نوین مدیریت گلخانه بر مبنای مصرف بهینه نهاده‌های کشاورزی اثرات زیست‌محیطی ناشی از تولید توت‌فرنگی را کاهش و پایداری تولید این محصول را افزایش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of environmental pollutants in greenhouse strawberry production by hydroponic method using damage, exergy and emergy indicators in order to achieve production sustainability

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Khanali 1
  • Shahla Hardani 2
  • Asadallah Akram 2
  • hossein mobli 2
1 Drpartment of Agricultural machinery engineeing College of Agriculture , University college of agriculture abd natural resources, University of Tehran Karaj Iran
2 Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

In this study, strawberry production in hydroponic greenhouses in Saujblag city was evaluated and analyzed in terms of environmental consequences caused by the consumption of agricultural inputs, exergy demand index and emergy demand. The results of the evaluation indicators were obtained using the IMPACT 2002+ method in Simapro software. The results showed that phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) with about 89% has the greatest effect on the resource extraction effect. According to the weighting calculations, the human damage category had the highest amount and the ecosystem quality category had the least amount of damage. Combustion of diesel fuel and electricity had a significant effect on human health damage with values of 43.68 mPt and 32.17 mPt, respectively. According to the exergy index, non-renewable fossil resources with a share of about 99% and a value of 10,893.13 megajoules per ton accounted for the highest cumulative exergy demand. Also, based on the results, the highest emergy in crop production is related to human labor with a value of 1.73E+16 (sej/ha) and then the highest emergy values were related to irrigation water and natural gas with a value of 1.36E+16 and 5.36E+15, respectively. Based on the results, it is suggested that by using new methods of greenhouse management based on the optimal consumption of agricultural inputs and replacing all kinds of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers, the environmental effects of strawberry production will be reduced and the sustainability of this product will be increased.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental effects. Life cycle assessment
  • Emergy
  • Sustainability
  • Straw berry
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