انتخاب روش درون‌یابی مناسب برای پهنه‌بندی افت‌ دانه‌ای کمباین

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

2 استاد-دانشگاه تبریز-دانشکده کشاورزی

چکیده

گندم یکی از مهم‌ترین محصولات زراعی کشور است و نقش اساسی در تأمین نیاز غذایی مردم دارد. تولید گندم مانند بسیاری محصولات دیگر با ضایعات همراه است که بخش عمده این ضایعات به مرحله برداشت محصول بر‌می‌گردد. مقدار این افت در ایران بیش از مقدار مجاز جهانی آن می‌باشد و هر تلاشی برای کاهش این افت، می‌تواند در بهبود عملکرد محصول مؤثر باشد. چنانچه افت‌ها با استفاده از تکنیک-های کشاورزی دقیق به‌صورت مکان‌ویژه مورد ارزیابی قرار گیرند، می‌توان اقدامات اصلاحی متناسب با هر مکان برای کاهش افت و افزایش راندمان انجام داد. در مطالعه حاضر سعی شده تا با استفاده از روش درون‌یابی مناسب، نقشه افت مزرعه با دقت قابل قبول تهیه شود. برای این منظور، افت‌های طبیعی، هد و عقب هم‌زمان با تغییر در تنظیمات کمباین، در حین برداشت جمع‌آوری شدند. سپس با استفاده از روش‌های درون‌یابی کریجینگ، وزن‌دهی فاصله معکوس و میانگین متحرک، پهنه‌بندی افت‌های دانه‌ای برداشت در نرم افزار ArcGIS انجام شد. نتایج کراس ولیدیشن و مقایسه دقت روش‌ها نشان داد مقدار میانگین خطای پیش‌بینی افت در تمامی روش‌های درون‌یابی به هم نزدیک هستند. برای مثال، مقدار مجذور میانگین مربعات خطای محاسبه شده (RMSE) در افت هد برای روش وزن‌دهی فاصله معکوس برابر با 006017/0 محاسبه شد که کمتر از مقادیر محاسبه شده آن در روش‌های کریجینگ و میانگین متحرک است که به ترتیب برابر با 006732/0 و 006095/0 به دست آمدند. با توجه به نتایج، به نظر می‌رسد روش وزن‌دهی فاصله معکوس بهترین روش درون‌یابی برای ایجاد پهنه‌های افت دانه می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Choosing the proper interpolation method for grain loss mapping in combine harvester

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samira Zareei 1
  • Shamsollah Abdollahpour 2
1 Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
2 Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz
چکیده [English]

Wheat is one of the most important crops in the country and plays an essential role in meeting the food needs of the people.Wheat production is associated with waste, and most of this waste comes from the harvesting stage. The amount of this loss in Iran is more than the world's allowed amount and any effort to reduce this loss can be effective in improving the product's performance. If losses are evaluated using precision agriculture techniques on site-specific, corrective measures can be taken according to each location to reduce losses and increase efficiency. In the present study, an attempt was made to prepare a grain loss map with acceptable accuracy by using a suitable interpolation method. For this purpose, natural, head and rear losses were collected simultaneously with the change in combine settings during harvesting. Then, using kriging interpolation methods, inverse distance weighting and moving average, the mapping of grain losses was done in ArcGIS software. The results of cross-validation and comparison of the accuracy of the methods showed that the mean value of the loss prediction error in all the interpolation methods is close to each other. For example, the RMSE value in the header loss for the inverse weighting method was calculated as 0.006017, which is lower than the values calculated for the kriging and moving average methods, which were obtained as 0.006732 and 0.006095, respectively. According to the results, the inverse distance weighting method is the best interpolation method for creating grain loss maps.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Grain loss
  • Inverse distance weighting
  • Kriging
  • Mapping
  • Moving average
AACC. (2000). Approved Methods of the American Association of Cereal Chemists, 10th Ed., Vol. 2. American Association of Cereal Chemists, St. Paul, MN.
Anonymous (2022). Quality guidelines for buying domestic wheat (characteristics, permissible limits and method of reduction). Iran State Trading Company, Cereal Research Center. Report on the level production and yield of crops in the crop year 2020-2021. Information and Communication Center, Ministry of Agriculture. Ministry of Agricultural Jihad. pp, 91. (In Persian)
Anonymous. (2020). Official Grain Grading Guide. Canadian Grain Commission, https://grainscanada.gc.ca/en/grain-quality/official-grain-grading-guide/04-wheat/04-wheat-e.pdf
Anonymous.(2019). Standard for wheat and durum wheat. CXS 199-1995. CODEX‏‏ ‏ALIMENTARIUS , International food standards. http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius
Anonymous. (2012). National standard No. 3003. Cereals and its products, the method of determining wheat loss and its components. National Standard Organization of Iran. (In Persian)
Anonymous. (2012a). National standard No. 104. Cereals and its products, characteristics and test methods. National Standard Organization of Iran. (In Persian)
Anonymous. (2007). National standard No. 13535. Cereals and its products by sampling method. National Standard Organization of Iran. (In Persian)
Anonymous. (1998). Determination of Besatz of wheat, International Association for Cereal Chemistry (ICC), ICC Standard No. 102/1, 19. Revised 1972, ICC 2012.
Carter, B.P., Morris, C.F., and J.A. Anderson (1999). Optimizing the SDS Sedimentation Test for End-Use Quality Selection in a Soft White and Club Wheat Breeding Program. Cereal Chemistry. 76(6): 907–911.
Gazor, H.R. (2021). Evaluation of different types of sieves’ effect on the losses of wheat delivered consignment to wheat sale centers. Final research report. Agricultural Engineering Research Institute. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. Ministry of Jahad-e-Agriculture, pp 113. (In Persian)
FAO. (2023). FAO Cereal Supply and Demand Brief. http://www.fao.org/worldfood situation.
Gazor, H.R., Hamidi, A. and R.Adelzadeh (2017). Investigating physical losses in maize seed processing machines in Moghan. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Technology, 6(1): 131–149.
Farajzadeh, Z. and A.Shahvali (2010). Hamedan province agriculture image. Ministry of Jihad Agriculture, Planning and Economic Deputy, Information Statistics office. (In Persian)
ICC Standard. (1995). Determination of protein by Near Infrared Reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy. No. 159.
Mirzazadeh, A., Abdollahpour, S. and M. Moghaddam (2014). Affecting variable order in upper sieve return loss. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization, 2(2): 45–54. (In Persian)
Moghadam, S. (2006). Investigation of wheat harvest loss in East Azarbaijan province. Master's thesis in Mechanization Engineering, Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahvaz. Iran. (In Persian)
Sheikh Sajjadieh, M. (2010). Comparative study on the quality of Iranian wheat, flour and bread with three selected countries. Iran's state-owned commercial specialized parent company. Cereal Research Center. (In Persian)