استفاده از سامانه پاشنده مایه تلقیح سویا در ردیف‌کار نیوماتیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات ماشین‌های کشاورزی و مکانیزاسیون، موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی کرج، ایران

2 عضو هیئت علمی موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی

3 شرکت تراشکده

چکیده

 کشت سویا در بین دانه‌های روغنی به‌دلیل تثبیت بیولوژیک نیتروژن از طریق ایجاد همزیستی با باکتری‌های ریزوبیوم و افزایش حاصلخیزی خاک از جایگاه مهمی برخوردار و یکی از منابع مهم تأمین پروتئین و روغن است. در روش‌ سنتی، آغشته کردن بذر به مایه تلقیح به‌صورت دستی انجام می‌شود که باعث بالا بردن مصرف انرژی و هزینه‌های کارگری و طولانی شدن فاصله آغشته‌سازی بذر تا کاشت می‌شود که در این فاصله زمانی بخصوص در مناطق گرم، اکثر باکتری‌های تولیدکننده ریزوبیوم از بین خواهند رفت. در این تحقیق، سامانه‌ای برای پاشش مستقیم محلول مایه تلقیح روی ردیف‌کار نیوماتیک چهار ردیفه (8 خط کشت) طراحی و ساخته شد و در شرایط آزمایشگاهی ارزیابی گردید. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و به‌صورت فاکتوریل دو عامل سرعت پیشروی (سه سطح 6/3، 2/5 و 2/7 کیلومتر بر ساعت) و دبی نازل (سه سطح 200،300 و 400 میلی‌لیتر بر دقیقه) در سه تکرار بود. نتایج نشان داد که متوسط درصد پوشش دهی بذور 11/88 درصد است؛ سرعت‌های پیشروی 6/3 و 2/5 کیلومتر در ساعت با 7/89 و 7/88 درصد نسبت به‌سرعت 2/7 کیلومتر در ساعت با درصد پوشش دهی 8/84 درصد ارجحیت داشت. دبی خروجی نازل‌ها بر درصد نکاشت و چند کاشت بذور اختلاف معنی‌داری را نشان نداد ولی اثر سرعت‌های پیشروی 2/7 و 2/5 نسبت به 6/3 کیلومتر بر ساعت این درصدها را افزایش داد. یکنواختی طولی کاشت بذر در دو سرعت 6/3 و 2/5 کیلومتر بر ساعت به‌ترتیب با 9/90 و 5/88 درصد از نظر آماری با یکدیگر اختلاف معنی‌داری را نشان نداد ولی با سرعت 2/7 کیلومتر بر ساعت در سطح 5% معنی‌دار بود. در کل، با افزایش سرعت پیشروی میزان یکنواختی کاشت طولی بذر کاهش یافت؛ بنابراین استفاده از ردیف‌کار نیوماتیک مجهز به سامانه پاششی مایه تلقیح به‌دلیل کاهش درصد نکاشت و چند کاشت پائین، پوشش‌دهی مناسب مایه تلقیح و یکنواختی پاشش قابل توصیه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Using of Soybean Inoculation Spraying System in Pneumatic Row Crop Planter

نویسندگان [English]

  • mahmoud safari 1
  • elyas dehghan 2
  • mohammad rezaeean 3
1 1Department of Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization Research, Agricultural Research Institute of Agricultural Research, Research and Education Organization Agricultural promotion of Karaj, Iran
2 scientific board member
3 مدیر عامل شرکت تراشکده
چکیده [English]

Soybean cultivation has an important among oilseeds due to the biological fixation of nitrogen by creating symbiosis with rhizobium bacteria. It is one of the important plants as sources of protein and oil supply. In the traditional methods, seed impregnation is done manually, which increases energy consumption and labor costs, and wastes the time between seed impregnation and planting. In hot regions, by time waste also most rhizobium-producing bacteria might be lost. In this research, a system for direct spraying of inoculum solution on a four-row pneumatic crop planter (8 lines) was designed and constructed and evaluated in laboratory conditions. The experiments were in the form of a randomized complete block design and in factorial form. Two factors were forward speed (with three levels of 3.6, 5.2 and 7.2 km/h) and nozzle flow rate (with three levels of 200, 300 and 400 ml/min) in three replications. The results showed that the average seed coverage percentage was 88.11%; the forward speeds of 3.6 and 5.2 km/h with 89.7% and 88.7% were preferable to the forward speed of 7.2 km/h with a coverage percentage of 84.8 percent. The output flow rate of the nozzles did not show a significant difference on the percentage of unplanted and few planted seeds. However, the effect of forward speeds of 7.2 and 5.2 compared to 3.6 km/h increased these percentages. Uniformity of seed planting at two speeds of 3.6 and 5.2 km/h, did not show a statistically significant difference with 90.9 and 88.5%, respectively, but with 7.2 km/h was significant at the level of 5%. In general, with increasing forward speed, the uniformity of seed planting was decreased. Therefore, the use of a pneumatic row crop planter equipped with an inoculum spraying system was recommended due to the reduction in the percentage of no-planting and low multiple plantings, and also proper coverage of the inoculum and uniformity of spraying.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nozzle discharge
  • Wetting percentage
  • Coverage
  • Rhizobium
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