مطالعه سیستم نوآوری و تحقیق و توسعه در بخش کشاورزی آرژانتین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه مهندسی ماشین‌های کشاورزی و مکانیزاسیون، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی و عمران روستایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

چکیده

نوآوری یک استراتژی برای دستیابی به اهداف اقتصادی، اجتماعی و زیستمحیطی است که شامل تولید، انتشار و ترجمه دانش و فناوری در زمینه استفاده از منابع و فرآیندهای جدید است. هدف از این مطالعه مرور سیستم نوآوری و تحقیق و توسعه در کشاورزی آرژانتین بود. روش تحقیق مورد استفاده از نوع مرور بهترین شواهد بود که یک روش حد واسط بین دو روش نگارش مقالات مروری نظاممند و مرور روایتی است. نتایج نشان داد در سال 2020، آرژانتین با نمره 33/28 رتبهی 80ام جهان در شاخص کل نوآوری را داشت. رتبه جهانی این کشور در بخش نهادسازی 97ام، در پیچیدگیهای بازار، 120ام، در خروجیهای دانش و فناوری 75ام، در خروجیهای خلاقانه 71ام و در بخش پیچیدگیهای کسب و کار 61ام بود. آرژانتین در بخش سرمایه انسانی و تحقیقاتی بهترین عملکرد و در بخش پیچیدگی بازار ضعیفترین عملکرد را داشت. 14% از کل اختراعات ثبت شده، 21% از نشریات علمی و 17% از استنادات این کشور نیز متعلق به بخش کشاورزی بود. همکاریهای بینالمللی موثر و انجمنهای خصوصی توانمند از نقاط قوت و عرضه‌محوری، مکانیزم ضعیف نظارت و شکاف نوآوری در مناطق مختلف، از نقاط ضعف سیستم نوآوری در آرژانتین بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of the innovation system and research and development in the agricultural sector of Argentina

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rostam Fathi
  • Mahmoud Ghasemi Nejad Raeeni
  • Saman Abdanan Mehdizadeh
Department of Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Iran
چکیده [English]

Innovation is a strategy to achieve economic, social and environmental goals that includes the production, dissemination and translation of knowledge and technology in the use of new resources and processes. The purpose of this study was to review the system of innovation and research and development in agriculture in Argentina. The research method was the use of best evidence, which is an intermediate method between the two methods of writing systematic review articles and narrative review. The results showed that in 2020, Argentina was ranked 80th in the world in the overall innovation index with a score of 28.33. The country ranked 97th in organizing, 120th in market sophistications, 75th in knowledge and technology outputs, 71st in creative outputs, and 61st in business sophistications. Argentina had the best performance in human capital and research and the weakest in market sophistications. 14% of all patents, 21% of scientific journals and 17% of citations belonged to the agricultural sector. Effective international cooperation and powerful private associations were strengths and Axis supply, weak monitoring mechanism and innovation gap in different regions were among the weaknesses of the innovation system in Argentina. Establishing a network of Iranian researchers and scholars abroad in order to make the best use of their capacity, as was the case in Argentine agriculture, can lead to the development of science and technology in the agricultural sector of Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agricultural Systems
  • Argentina
  • Innovation
  • Sustainable Development
Alapin, H. (2008). Rastrojos y algo mas: Historia de la siembra directa en Argentina. Teseo.
Albornoz, M., and Gordon, A. (2011). La Politica deficiencia y Tecnologia en Argentina desde la recuperacion de la democracia (1983-2009). Trayectorias de las politicas Científicas y universitarias de Argentina y Espana, 1-46.
Anllo, G., Bisang, R., and Campi, M. (2013). (Eds). Claves para repensar el agro argentino. Eudeba.
Barsky, O., and Gelman, J. (2001). Historia del agro argentino, desde la Conquista hasta fines Del siglo XX (No. B50/22). Grupo editorial Grijalbo-Mondadori.
Dahlman, C. et al. (2003). Beyond the Crisis: From the Old to the New Economy in Argentina.
Dutta, S., Lanvin, B.; Wunsch-Vincent, S. (2017). The Global Innovation Index. Innovation Feeding the World; Cornell University: Ithaca, NY, USA; INSEAD: Paris, France; The World Intellectual Property Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2017; p. 42.
Ekboir, J. (2002). Developing no-till packages for small-scale farmers (No. 557-2019-5081).
Hall, A., Janssen, W., Pehu, E., and Rajalahti, R. (2006). Enhancing agricultural innovation: How to go beyond the strengthening of research systems. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Hall, A., Sulaiman, V.R., Clark, N., and Yoganand, B. (2003). From measuring impact to learning institutional lessons: An innovation systems perspective on improving the management of international agricultural research. Agric. Syst. 78, 213–241.
Anonymous. (2020). http://knomea.com/atlas/ Argentina/Number-of-researchers-in Rend. action=export gadget=indicator-preview-host.
Anonymous.  (2019). https://knoema.com/atlas/ Argentina/topics/Agriculture.
Klerkx, L., Van Mierlo, B., and Leeuwis, C. (2012). Evolution of systems approaches to agricultural innovation: concepts, analysis and interventions. In Farming Systems Research into the 21st century: The new dynamic (pp. 457-483). Springer, Dordrecht.
Li, R., Ju, X.F., and Liu, M.Z. (2010). The evolution mechanism and models analysis of technological innovation system based on self-organization theory. Oper. Res. Manag. Sci., 19, 145–151.
Lodola, A. (2008). Contratistas, Cambio Tecnológicos y Organizacionales. en el Agro Argentina, CEPAL.
Maynard, J. M., and Casabianca, F. (2012). Agricultural systems and the innovation process. In New trends for innovation in the Mediterranean animal production. pp. 17-26. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen.
MINCYT. (2015). Indicadores de Ciencia y Tecnología Argentina. Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovation Productiva, http://indicatorescti.mincyt.gob.ar/documentos/indicatores 2015.pdf. 
Ministerio de Agroindustria. (2018). Sector background information provided by the Ministry of Agroindustry for the OECD Review of Agricultural Policies of Argentina.
Norman, D. W. (2002). The farming systems approach: A historical perspective. In Presentation held at the 17th Symposium of the International Farming Systems Association in Lake Buena Vista, Florida, USA (pp. 17-20).
OECD. (2018). Main Science and Technology Indicators, http://dx.doi/org/10.1787/2304277X. 
OECD estimates based on OECD. (2018). Research and Development Statistics” and “National Accounts”, OECD Statistics (databases), http://stats.oecd.org/; For Brazil: ASTI (2018), Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (database), https://asti.cgiar.org/data.
OECD Patent Database, January. (2014). SC Imago. 2007. SJR – SC Imago Journal & Country Rank. Retrieved March 19, 2014, from www.scimagojr.com. 
OECD. (2018). Trade and Agriculture Directorate Committee for Agriculture. Working Party on Agricultural Policies and Markets. Innovation, productivity and sustainability in food and agriculture Main findings from country reviews and policy lessons. Pp. 99.
Ortiz, O., Orrego, R., Pradel, W., Gildemacher, P., Castillo, R., Otiniano, R. ... and Damene, B. (2013). Insights into potato innovation systems in Bolivia, Ethiopia, Peru and Uganda. Agricultural Systems, 114, 73-83.
Pant L. P., and Hambly-Odame, H. (2009). Innovation systems in renewable natural resource management and sustainable agriculture: A literature review. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 1, 103–135.
Pretty, J. N., and OBE, J. P. (2002). Agri-culture: Reconnecting people, land, and nature. Routledge.
Ramirez, D. (2017). 60º Aniversario Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria 1956-2016.
Reca, L. G., Lema, D., and Flood, C. (Eds.). (2010). El crecimiento de la agricultura Argentina: medio siglo de logros y desafíos. Editorial Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires.
Regunaga, M. (2010). Implications of the organization of the commodity production and processing industry: The soybean chain in Argentina.
Samara, E., Georgiadis, P., Bakouros, I. (2012). The impact of innovation policies on the performance of national innovation systems: A system dynamics analysis. Technovation, 32, 624–638.
Slavin, R. E. (1986). Best-evidence synthesis: An alternative to meta-analytic and traditional reviews. Educational researcher, 15 (9), 5-11.
Soumitra, D., Francis G. and Bruno L. (2020). Global Inivation Index 2020. SC Johnson College of Business, Cornell University; World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO); and INSEAD. As co-publishers, and their knowledge Partners. pp: 16-17.
Spielman, D. J., Ekboir, J., Davis, K., and Ochieng, C. M. (2008). An innovation systems perspective on strengthening agricultural education and training in sub-Saharan Africa. Agricultural systems, 98 (1), 1-9.
Stads, G. J., Beintema, N. M., Pérez, S., Flaherty, K., & Falconi, C. A. (2016). Agricultural Research in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Cross-Country Analysis of Institutions, Investment, and Capacities. Intl Food Policy Res Inst.
Trigo, E. and M. Ciampi. (2018). Review of agricultural innovation policies in Argentina, Background report for the OECD Review of Agricultural Policies in Argentina.
Trigo, E. J. (2016). Veinte años de cultivos genéticamente modificados en la agricultura Argentina. Documento de trabajo. Buenos Aires: Consejo Argentino para la Información y el Desarrollo de la Biotecnología (ArgenBio). Recuperado de la página de Internet del organismo https://www. Argenbio. Org/adc/uploads/ 20GM_2016/Informe_20GM_web. Pdf.
Wang, D., Zhao, X.L., Guo, X.Y., Hu, Y., and Du, X. Theoretical framework and capability evaluation for the national agricultural science, technology and innovation—An empirical study based on the group of twenty. China Soft Sci. (2018). 3, 18–35.