تاثیر روش های خاک ورزی حفاظتی و مقادیر مختلف سوپر جاذب رطوبت بر خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک و کارآیی مصرف آب در ذرت دانه ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، داراب، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
به ­منظور ارزیابی تاثیر روش­های خاک­ورزی حفاظتی و مقادیر مختلف سوپر­جاذب بر خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک و کارآیی مصرف آب آبیاری در ذرت دانه­ای پژوهشی مزرعه­ای به­صورت کرت­های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی داراب طی دو سال زراعی اجرا شد. عامل کرت اصلی شامل خاک­ورزی مرسوم، کم­خاک­ورزی، بی­خاک­ورزی و عامل کرت فرعی شامل کاربرد 80 ، 100، 120، 140 کیلوگرم در هکتار سوپرجاذب و عدم مصرف سوپرجاذب (به­عنوان شاهد) بود. نتایج نشان داد که روش­های بی­خاک­ورزی و کم­خاک­ورزی موجب افزایش جرم مخصوص ظاهری خاک به ­ترتیب به­میزان 3/19  و 2/9 درصد  نسبت به خاک­ورزی مرسوم در لایه 10-0 سانتی­متر خاک شده است. یافته­ ها هم­چنین آشکار ساخت که مقادیر سوپر­جاذب تاثیر معنی­داری بر جرم مخصوص ظاهری و شاخص مخروطی در لایه سطحی خاک داشتند. بیشترین میزان تخلخل و کمترین مقدار جرم مخصوص و شاخص مخروطی خاک زمانی مشاهده شد که ماده سوپر جاذب رطوبت به­میزان120 و 140 کیلوگرم در هکتار مصرف شده بود. عملکرد دانه ذرت و کارایی مصرف آب آبیاری واکنش ­های متفاوتی به مقادیر سوپرجاذب داشتند. بیشترین میزان عملکرد دانه ذرت و کارآیی مصرف آب آبیاری از ترکیب روش­بی خاک­ورزی و مقادیر 120 و 140 کیلوگرم سوپرجاذب، بدون داشتن اختلاف معنی­داری حاصل شد. بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق با توجه به میانگین عملکرد محصول و کارآیی مصرف آب آبیاری، به­کارگیری 120 کیلوگرم در هکتار ماده سوپر­جاذب در ترکیب با روش بی­ خاک­ورزی برای نواحی جنوب استان فارس و مناطقی با اقلیم مشابه مناسب تشخیص داده شد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Conservation Tillage Systems and Different Super Absorbent Polymer Rates on Soil Physical Properties and Water Use Efficiency in Grain Corn

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Roozbeh
  • Sayed Ebrahim Dehghanian
1Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Darab, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
A field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of conservation tillage systems and different super absorbent polymer (SAP) rates on soil physical properties, grain yield and irrigation water use efficiency at Darab Agricultural Research Station during two growth seasons. The experimental design was done as split-plot based on a randomized complete blocks with three replications. The different tillage systems were in three levels of conventional tillage, reduced tillage and no-tillage as the main plot and rates of SAP as the subplot include: 0, 80, 100, 120, 140 kg ha-1 super absorbentapplication. The results showed that the no-tillage and reduced tillage systems increased soil bulk density in the 0-10 cm soil layer by 19.3% and 9.2%, respectively, compared with the conventional tillage. The findings also revealed that the effect of different tillage systems and rates of super absorbent polymer on soil bulk density and cone index of soil in the surface soil layer were significant. The highest porosity, the lowest cone index and bulk density were seen in the application of 120 and 140 kg ha-1 super absorbent polymer. Corn yield and irrigation water use efficiency had a different reaction to the different rates of super absorbent polymer. The highest corn yield and irrigation water use efficiency was obtained at the combination of no-tillage with 120and 140 kg ha-1 super absorbent polymerapplication, although there was no significant difference between them. According to our findings and based on the crop yield and irrigation water use efficiency, the application of 120 kg ha-1 super absorbent in combination with no-tillage method were seen suitable in the south of Fars province and areas with similar climate.
  

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keyword: Cone index
  • Corn yield
  • Residue condition
  • Soil bulk density
  • Soil moisture
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