الگوی مصرف انرژی در تولید ذرت دانه ای در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

 
چکیده
مطالعات متعددی در دنیا و نیز در نقاط مختلف ایران در مورد مصرف انرژی انواع محصولات در مزارع کشاورزی انجام شده، اما جای مطالعه جامعی که از نتایج این مطالعات استفاده کرده و نتیجه‌گیری کلی کند خالی است. در این تحقیق انرژی مصرفی و تولیدی در یکی از محصول‌های مهم کشور ایران (ذرت دانه‌ای) از طریق روش اسنادی (مقالات و پایان‌نامه‌ها) با بررسی شاخص‌های انرژی به دست آمده در آن‌ها مطالعه شد. شاخص‌های مورد نظر، نسبت انرژی خروجی به ورودی، کارایی انرژی، شدت انرژی و سود خالص انرژی تعیین گردیدند. نتایج بررسی‌ها نشان دادند، متوسط عملکرد دانه ذرت در نقاط مختلف ایران حدود 6167 کیلوگرم در هکتار بوده که برای تولید این مقدار دانه ذرت به‌طور متوسط 55 گیگاژول در هکتار انرژی ورودی نیاز است. در بین نهاده‌های ورودی، کود ازته دارای بیشترین سهم (29 درصد) و پس از آن الکتریسیته (28 درصد) و سوخت دیزل (16 درصد) قرار دارند. میانگین نسبت انرژی خروجی به ورودی برای ذرت دانه‌ای کشور 92/2 بوده و بالاترین و پایین‌ترین مقدار این شاخص به­ترتیب مربوط به استان‌های فارس (8/5) و خوزستان (8/0) است. میانگین شدت انرژی نیز برابر 47/9 مگاژول بر کیلوگرم است که استان البرز با 02/21 مگاژول بر کیلوگرم بیشترین و استان گلستانبا 61/4 مگاژول بر کیلوگرم کمترین مقدار را دارند. مقایسه نتایج مطالعات مختلف در جغرافیای مختلف می­تواند الگوی مناسب کشت را مشخص و قابل استفاده برای سایر مناطق کند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Energy Consumption Pattern for Corn Production in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Salim Mohammadi
  • Mohammad Ali Maysami
Department of Biosystems Engineering, Agricultural faculty, University of Tabriz
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Agricultural sector has a considerable and increasing share from total energy consumption of societies. The growth in population and living standards increase the demands for agricultural products. The limitations in cultivatable land area forces the need for increase in yield per area unit. It emphasis on the importance of energy and resources analysis in agriculture. Several researches in the world have been conducted around the energy consumption in agricultural farms, as well in Iran. However, there is a need for comprehensive studies analyzing the results of these researches. The aim of this study was the analysis of the consumed and produced energy for one of maize corn in Iran. The energy indices, obtained from related published studies were analyzed. The energy indices were determined as the energy output-input ratio (OIR), energy productivity (EP), energy intensity (EI) and net energy yield (NEY). The results indicated that, the average yield of maize corn in different provinces of Iran is around 6167 kg ha-1, requires an average energy input of 55 GJ ha-1. The largest share from total energy input was related to nitrogen fertilizer 29%, followed by electricity and diesel fuel with 28% and 16%, respectively. The average OIR was 2.92 MJ/MJ where the highest and lowest values were for Fars (5.8) and Khuzestan (0.8) provinces. The average EI was 9.47 MJ/kg, where it was the highest with 21.02 MJ/kg for Alborz and the lowest with 4.61 MJ/kg for Gholston.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Different Cultivation Methods
  • Energy Balance
  • Iran
  • Maize Corn
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