Qualitative, technical and financial investigation of the use of different sieves on useful and useless losses of irrigated and dry wheat cultivars in some moderate climate provinces of the country

Authors

1 Associate Professor of Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization(AREEO ), Karaj, Iran

2 Assistant Professor in agricultural economic researches , Seed and Plant Improvement Institute(SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO ), Karaj, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute(SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization(AREEO), Karaj, Iran

Abstract

Determining the exact rate of wheat losses in wheat purchase centers is one of the concerns of the government to ensure farmers fair purchase of wheat. In this research, the performance of four types of separator sieves with 2×2, 2×20, 1.7×20 and 1.5×20 mm grids was studied for separation of impurities. The study was for qualitative, technical and financial investigation of irrigated and rain-fed wheat cultivars in Kermanshah, Fars and Semnan provinces with temperate climate. The results showed that in the case of the use of 2x20 mm sieve, the highest amount of protein and zeleny sedimentation volume was observed, although bakery properties changes, including grain hardness, were not significant. The samples sieved with 1.5 x 20 mm sieve had the lowest Falling number. The average useless loss for irrigated and rainfed wheat varieties were 1.55% and 1.61% and the average useful loss for wheat varieties with sieve meshes of 2×20, 1.7×20, 2×2 and 1.5×20 mm were 4.7%, 1.85%, 0.6% and 0.084%, respectively. By changing the separation sieve from mesh size of 2×2 mm to 2×20 and 1.7×20 mm, the useful loss rate increased and the financial value of purchased wheat in the purchase centers were coming down. Also, in the preliminary separation of impurities (e.g. weed seeds), 2×2 mm mesh sieve was more efficient than other sieves. Thus, the use of 2×2 mm mesh sieve to determine the useful loss of wheat in purchase centers can be useful and beneficial for farmers. 

Keywords


AACC. (2000). Approved Methods of the American Association of Cereal Chemists, 10th Ed., Vol. 2. American Association of Cereal Chemists, St. Paul, MN.
Anonymous (2022). Quality guidelines for buying domestic wheat (characteristics, permissible limits and method of reduction). Iran State Trading Company, Cereal Research Center. Report on the level production and yield of crops in the crop year 2020-2021. Information and Communication Center, Ministry of Agriculture. Ministry of Agricultural Jihad. pp, 91. (In Persian)
Anonymous. (2020). Official Grain Grading Guide. Canadian Grain Commission, https://grainscanada.gc.ca/en/grain-quality/official-grain-grading-guide/04-wheat/04-wheat-e.pdf
Anonymous.(2019). Standard for wheat and durum wheat. CXS 199-1995. CODEX‏‏ ‏ALIMENTARIUS , International food standards. http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius
Anonymous. (2012). National standard No. 3003. Cereals and its products, the method of determining wheat loss and its components. National Standard Organization of Iran. (In Persian)
Anonymous. (2012a). National standard No. 104. Cereals and its products, characteristics and test methods. National Standard Organization of Iran. (In Persian)
Anonymous. (2007). National standard No. 13535. Cereals and its products by sampling method. National Standard Organization of Iran. (In Persian)
Anonymous. (1998). Determination of Besatz of wheat, International Association for Cereal Chemistry (ICC), ICC Standard No. 102/1, 19. Revised 1972, ICC 2012.
Carter, B.P., Morris, C.F., and J.A. Anderson (1999). Optimizing the SDS Sedimentation Test for End-Use Quality Selection in a Soft White and Club Wheat Breeding Program. Cereal Chemistry. 76(6): 907–911.
Gazor, H.R. (2021). Evaluation of different types of sieves’ effect on the losses of wheat delivered consignment to wheat sale centers. Final research report. Agricultural Engineering Research Institute. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. Ministry of Jahad-e-Agriculture, pp 113. (In Persian)
FAO. (2023). FAO Cereal Supply and Demand Brief. http://www.fao.org/worldfood situation.
Gazor, H.R., Hamidi, A. and R.Adelzadeh (2017). Investigating physical losses in maize seed processing machines in Moghan. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Technology, 6(1): 131–149.
Farajzadeh, Z. and A.Shahvali (2010). Hamedan province agriculture image. Ministry of Jihad Agriculture, Planning and Economic Deputy, Information Statistics office. (In Persian)
ICC Standard. (1995). Determination of protein by Near Infrared Reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy. No. 159.
Mirzazadeh, A., Abdollahpour, S. and M. Moghaddam (2014). Affecting variable order in upper sieve return loss. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization, 2(2): 45–54. (In Persian)
Moghadam, S. (2006). Investigation of wheat harvest loss in East Azarbaijan province. Master's thesis in Mechanization Engineering, Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahvaz. Iran. (In Persian)
Sheikh Sajjadieh, M. (2010). Comparative study on the quality of Iranian wheat, flour and bread with three selected countries. Iran's state-owned commercial specialized parent company. Cereal Research Center. (In Persian)