University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Mechanization 2383-126X 7 1 2022 03 21 Analysis of the Effect of Iran's Ranking Change in the Legatum Prosperity Index on Export of Iranian Agricultural Machines and Equipment Analysis of the Effect of Iran's Ranking Change in the Legatum Prosperity Index on Export of Iranian Agricultural Machines and Equipment 1 12 14945 10.22034/jam.2022.14945 FA Jabraeil Vahedi, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Mohammad Ghahremanzadeh Agricultural Economics Dep., University of Tabriz Journal Article 2022 07 16 Strengthening of export capacity and active presence in global markets is one of the most important and effective factor regarding continuation of economic growth. Considering that the legatum prosperity index is a measure of the competitiveness of countries in the global economy, so the present study was conducted to analysis of the effect of Iran's ranking change in the legatum prosperity index on export of Iranian agricultural machines and equipment. For this purpose, the necessary data about to export of Iranian agricultural machinery and equipment to 14 major trading partner countries along with other required information was collected during the time period of 2016-20. According to the latest ranking of legatum institute in 2020, Iran’s rank in terms of legatum prosperity index is 120 out of 167 countries. The results of estimating the gravity model showed that the decline of Iran’s rank in the legatum prosperity index has the most negative effect and Iran's membership in trade agreements with other countries (1.56) has most positive effect on export rate of Iranian agricultural machinery and equipment’s. Partners GDP (0.72) and real exchange rate (0.22) has a positive effect and per-capita GDP of partner countries (-1.79) and the geographical distance (-0.65) has a negative effect on Iran's exports. According to the results it is suggested that in order to exports increase and achieving to sustainable economic growth, the necessary measures and policies should be designed and implemented to improve Iran's position in various sub-indicators of the legatum prosperity index especially economical sub-indicators. Strengthening of export capacity and active presence in global markets is one of the most important and effective factor regarding continuation of economic growth. Considering that the legatum prosperity index is a measure of the competitiveness of countries in the global economy, so the present study was conducted to analysis of the effect of Iran's ranking change in the legatum prosperity index on export of Iranian agricultural machines and equipment. For this purpose, the necessary data about to export of Iranian agricultural machinery and equipment to 14 major trading partner countries along with other required information was collected during the time period of 2016-20. According to the latest ranking of legatum institute in 2020, Iran’s rank in terms of legatum prosperity index is 120 out of 167 countries. The results of estimating the gravity model showed that the decline of Iran’s rank in the legatum prosperity index has the most negative effect and Iran's membership in trade agreements with other countries (1.56) has most positive effect on export rate of Iranian agricultural machinery and equipment’s. Partners GDP (0.72) and real exchange rate (0.22) has a positive effect and per-capita GDP of partner countries (-1.79) and the geographical distance (-0.65) has a negative effect on Iran's exports. According to the results it is suggested that in order to exports increase and achieving to sustainable economic growth, the necessary measures and policies should be designed and implemented to improve Iran's position in various sub-indicators of the legatum prosperity index especially economical sub-indicators.

https://jam.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_14945_66986e1cd6a4f26f8fecbd33afcd5ad8.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Mechanization 2383-126X 7 1 2022 03 21 Design and Development of a Hydraulic Nozzle Spray Pattern Stabilization System Design and Development of a Hydraulic Nozzle Spray Pattern Stabilization System 13 21 14948 10.22034/jam.2022.14948 FA Saeed Aliasgarian Najafabadi Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Hamid Reza Ghassemzadeh Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Manouchehr Bahrami Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Abbas Hemmat, Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Journal Article 2022 07 16 Abstract Long boom sprayers as efficient and high-performance machines enable farmers to carry out crop protection within a reasonable period. Despite many pieces of research, heterogeneity in spray pattern due to boom vibration remains a major challenge. In the present research, the feasibility of adjusting spray angle through pressure variation in conjunction with spray rate control using a pulse width modulation (PWM) to accomplish desired spray pattern was investigated. Using acquired data from various technical tests, a program developed via LabVIEW software to control the spray pattern along with spray rate as a function of nozzle height. The conformity of mean operational pressures and target pressures was investigated using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov Test. A similar method was used to investigate the conformity of mean operational fan angles and target fan angles. Mean differences of operational pressures were almost insignificant in the whole range of measurement height. Therefore, it can be concluded that the height factor has no significant effect on the ability of the system to obtain the target pressure. Results also indicated that mean operational pressures are in conformity with target pressures. Distribution of the operational and target fan angles was significantly difference. Considering the existence of target pressure in the system and the inability of the system in providing the target fan angle, it is concluded that nozzle performance in creation the target fan angle was not perfect. Abstract Long boom sprayers as efficient and high-performance machines enable farmers to carry out crop protection within a reasonable period. Despite many pieces of research, heterogeneity in spray pattern due to boom vibration remains a major challenge. In the present research, the feasibility of adjusting spray angle through pressure variation in conjunction with spray rate control using a pulse width modulation (PWM) to accomplish desired spray pattern was investigated. Using acquired data from various technical tests, a program developed via LabVIEW software to control the spray pattern along with spray rate as a function of nozzle height. The conformity of mean operational pressures and target pressures was investigated using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov Test. A similar method was used to investigate the conformity of mean operational fan angles and target fan angles. Mean differences of operational pressures were almost insignificant in the whole range of measurement height. Therefore, it can be concluded that the height factor has no significant effect on the ability of the system to obtain the target pressure. Results also indicated that mean operational pressures are in conformity with target pressures. Distribution of the operational and target fan angles was significantly difference. Considering the existence of target pressure in the system and the inability of the system in providing the target fan angle, it is concluded that nozzle performance in creation the target fan angle was not perfect.

https://jam.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_14948_fac5746acd61f0355d0093243e97c094.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Mechanization 2383-126X 7 1 2022 03 21 Assessment of uniformity of corn seedling planting in transplanted using image processing Assessment of uniformity of corn seedling planting in transplanted using image processing 23 33 14947 10.22034/jam.2022.14947 FA Saman Abdanan Mehdizadeh, Mechanics of Biosystems Engineering Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Rural Development, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Hadi Orak, Mechanics of Biosystems Engineering Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Rural Development, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Fateme Kazemi Karaji Mechanics of Biosystems Engineering Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Rural Development, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan Journal Article 2022 07 16 Abstract Cultivation of corn as a seedling could be considered as a way to produce an early crop, reduce production time and also save water and agricultural inputs. Therefore, the aim of the present study is developing an algorithm for evaluation of the planting uniformity in transplanting using image processing. In order to determine the number of seedlings, different transformation methods (Excessive green, green and red normalized difference index and green and blue normalized difference index) were evaluated. Then, the corn seedlings information was taken out from the circumstantial information using Otsu’s method. Finally, by applying Freeman labeling and Harris method and analyzing the characteristic parameters of the overlapping regions of the fields, an automatic counting of corn seedlings in the overlapping regions was established. The developed algorithm was evaluated online at speeds 5, 8, 10 and 12 km / h. According to the obtained results, the best uniformity and single transplanting were achieved at a speed of 5 km / h with an accuracy of 97%. Furthermore, the highest percentage of incorrect planting was obtained 21% at a speed of 12 km / h. Therefore, the study demonstrated that the newly developed algorithm is reliable not only for automatic corn seedlings counting in the corn field but also for the uniformity evaluation of the transplanter. Abstract Cultivation of corn as a seedling could be considered as a way to produce an early crop, reduce production time and also save water and agricultural inputs. Therefore, the aim of the present study is developing an algorithm for evaluation of the planting uniformity in transplanting using image processing. In order to determine the number of seedlings, different transformation methods (Excessive green, green and red normalized difference index and green and blue normalized difference index) were evaluated. Then, the corn seedlings information was taken out from the circumstantial information using Otsu’s method. Finally, by applying Freeman labeling and Harris method and analyzing the characteristic parameters of the overlapping regions of the fields, an automatic counting of corn seedlings in the overlapping regions was established. The developed algorithm was evaluated online at speeds 5, 8, 10 and 12 km / h. According to the obtained results, the best uniformity and single transplanting were achieved at a speed of 5 km / h with an accuracy of 97%. Furthermore, the highest percentage of incorrect planting was obtained 21% at a speed of 12 km / h. Therefore, the study demonstrated that the newly developed algorithm is reliable not only for automatic corn seedlings counting in the corn field but also for the uniformity evaluation of the transplanter.

https://jam.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_14947_268da9433d21a97594a0a50dc42ead9a.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Mechanization 2383-126X 7 1 2022 03 21 Comparison of cotton harvesters performance affected by variety and plant density in Fars province Comparison of cotton harvesters performance affected by variety and plant density in Fars province 35 47 14946 10.22034/jam.2022.14946 FA Majid Roozbeh Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center Journal Article 2022 07 16 The spread of mechanical cotton harvesting can cause significant changes in the conventional cotton production process from the point of planting pattern and variety. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the cotton picker and stripper performance as affected by in conjunction with plant density and cultivar from 2019 to 2020. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with split-split plot arranged in three replications. The cotton harvester were in two levels of spindle picker cotton (PC) and finger stripper cotton (SC) as the main plot, three cultivars as the subplot include: Macsa (V1), Golestan (V2), Hekmat (V3) and the plant density (PP1:10, PP2:13, PP3:16 plant m2) as sub-sub plot. The results showed that cotton harvester, variety and plant density had a significant effect on performance indexes of cotton harvester. The maximum effective field capacity and material capacity belonged to finger stripper harvester. The results also revealed that the PC treatment on average decreased ground loss by 38.9% and increased harvesting efficiency by 3.5% compared to SC treatment. As the plant density was increased from 10 to 16 plant m2 in SC treatment, the ground loss and stalk loss were decreased (22.3 and 50.5, respectively). The highest seed cotton yield was observed in the V2× PP2 interaction. According to our findings and based on the seed cotton yield and crop losses, application of PP2 treatment in combination with V2 and V1 treatments were seen suitable in the cotton growing regions of Fars province. The spread of mechanical cotton harvesting can cause significant changes in the conventional cotton production process from the point of planting pattern and variety. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the cotton picker and stripper performance as affected by in conjunction with plant density and cultivar from 2019 to 2020. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with split-split plot arranged in three replications. The cotton harvester were in two levels of spindle picker cotton (PC) and finger stripper cotton (SC) as the main plot, three cultivars as the subplot include: Macsa (V1), Golestan (V2), Hekmat (V3) and the plant density (PP1:10, PP2:13, PP3:16 plant m2) as sub-sub plot. The results showed that cotton harvester, variety and plant density had a significant effect on performance indexes of cotton harvester. The maximum effective field capacity and material capacity belonged to finger stripper harvester. The results also revealed that the PC treatment on average decreased ground loss by 38.9% and increased harvesting efficiency by 3.5% compared to SC treatment. As the plant density was increased from 10 to 16 plant m2 in SC treatment, the ground loss and stalk loss were decreased (22.3 and 50.5, respectively). The highest seed cotton yield was observed in the V2× PP2 interaction. According to our findings and based on the seed cotton yield and crop losses, application of PP2 treatment in combination with V2 and V1 treatments were seen suitable in the cotton growing regions of Fars province.

https://jam.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_14946_8b9939fb9f801b6a6165409426c54499.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Mechanization 2383-126X 7 1 2022 03 21 Investigating the Effect of Using Shading Net on Climate Change in Pistachio and Apricot Gardens Investigating the Effect of Using Shading Net on Climate Change in Pistachio and Apricot Gardens 49 72 15566 10.22034/jam.2022.15566 FA Davood Momeni Department of Agricultural Engineering Research, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran. Jalal Javadimoghaddam Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, AREEO, Karaj, Iran Omidreza Roustapour Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, AREEO, Karaj, Iran Journal Article 2022 11 20 Abstract There are many losses in crop production each year, due to various reasons. The use of shadow nets in orchards is one of the protection solutions. In order to select the appropriate net, it is necessary to determine the main factors in plant growth to utilize from net benefits and prevent its adverse effects.. In general, light, temperature and humidity are three main effective factors in plant growth and development. In this research, a monitoring system was designed and built to monitor the changes in radiation, temperature and relative humidity inside and outside of the selected covered pistachio and apricot gardens. Wind velocity and direction outside the gardens were also measured. The measured data by the system related to these factors inside and outside the gardens was collected in a central server. Investigation of monthly graphs of changes in temperature, relative humidity and light received from apricot gardens in Shahroud and Pistachio gardens in Rafsanjan showed that the temperature inside the shading nets was lower than outside but there was no significant difference between the months records. For relative humidity and light factors, respectively the inside records were higher and lower than outside records. But no significant differences were observed between the months. In general, the study of changes in the mean values of the three factors of temperature, humidity and radiation in the whole period showed that the greatest effect of shading net in orchards was the reducing of the intensity of light received. When the wind velocity was high, the temperature inside and outside the shading net was closer to each other. Abstract There are many losses in crop production each year, due to various reasons. The use of shadow nets in orchards is one of the protection solutions. In order to select the appropriate net, it is necessary to determine the main factors in plant growth to utilize from net benefits and prevent its adverse effects.. In general, light, temperature and humidity are three main effective factors in plant growth and development. In this research, a monitoring system was designed and built to monitor the changes in radiation, temperature and relative humidity inside and outside of the selected covered pistachio and apricot gardens. Wind velocity and direction outside the gardens were also measured. The measured data by the system related to these factors inside and outside the gardens was collected in a central server. Investigation of monthly graphs of changes in temperature, relative humidity and light received from apricot gardens in Shahroud and Pistachio gardens in Rafsanjan showed that the temperature inside the shading nets was lower than outside but there was no significant difference between the months records. For relative humidity and light factors, respectively the inside records were higher and lower than outside records. But no significant differences were observed between the months. In general, the study of changes in the mean values of the three factors of temperature, humidity and radiation in the whole period showed that the greatest effect of shading net in orchards was the reducing of the intensity of light received. When the wind velocity was high, the temperature inside and outside the shading net was closer to each other.

https://jam.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_15566_ffb026e31b0b165237afe92be85f1ea3.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Mechanization 2383-126X 7 1 2022 03 21 نظارت و کنترل فرآیند جوجه‌کشی با استفاده از سامانه اینترنت اشیاء نظارت و کنترل فرآیند جوجه‌کشی با استفاده از سامانه اینترنت اشیاء 73 77 15710 10.22034/jam.2022.15710 FA Hossein Roshanghiyasi Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Ali Haji Ahmad Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Soleiman Hosseinpour Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Ali Jafari Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Hossein Mousazadeh Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Amirhossein Asadollahzadeh Department of Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy Journal Article 2022 12 19 چکیده امروزه طیور و فرآورده‌های آن بخش مهمی از سبد غذایی بشریت را تشکیل می‌دهند. اولین مرحله در فرآیند تولید طیور گوشتی، تولید جوجه است. در ماشین‌های جوجه‌کشی در مقیاس کوچک برای مصارف خانگی، یکی از موانع در تولید، قطع ناگهانی برق است که به شدت تکامل مرغ را تحت تاثیر قرار می‌دهد چراکه جنین‌ها به شدت به تنش‌های دما و رطوبت حساس هستند. هدف از این مطالعه توسعه یک سامانه اینترنت اشیا (IoT) برای نظارت و کنترل شرایط داخل ماشین‌ جوجه‌کشی است. به دلیل حساسیت تخم‌ها به دما، رطوبت و تهویه داخل ماشین‌ جوجه‌کشی، نظارت بر خط توسط کاربر غیرممکن است. در این مطالعه از برد Arduino-at-Mega 2560 به عنوان کنترل کننده مرکزی استفاده شد. سطح آب درون مخزن رطوبت‌ساز، دما و رطوبت با استفاده از ماژول اینترنت اشیاء sim800 از طریق پروتکل MQTT به پلتفرم ابر اینترنت اشیاء AdaFriut ارسال شد. در سامانه توسعه یافته اینترنت اشیاء، وضعیت داخل ماشین جوجه‎‌کشی شامل دما، رطوبت و سطح آب مخزن هر 30 ثانیه یکبار پایش می‌شود. کاربر می‌تواند با مراجعه به فضای ابری اینترنت اشیا از تلفن همراه خود بدون حضور در محل قرارگیری ماشین جوجه‌کشی برای اطلاع از شرایط ماشین جوجه‌کشی استفاده کند. این سامانه می‌تواند در مواقع اضطراری مانند پایین بودن سطح آب داخل رطوبت‌ساز، قطع برق یا نوسانات شدید دما یا رطوبت، پیامک هشدار را برای کاربر ارسال کند. پس از دریافت پیام هشدار، کاربر می‌تواند برای رفع مشکل به صفحه اینترنت اشیاء مراجعه و دستورات لازم را اعمال کند و یا به محل ماشین‌ جوجه‌کشی مراجعه کند. همچنین در صورت قطع برق از باتری 24 ولتی DC به عنوان منبع تغذیه از ماشین جوجه‌کشی استفاده می‌شود. چکیده امروزه طیور و فرآورده‌های آن بخش مهمی از سبد غذایی بشریت را تشکیل می‌دهند. اولین مرحله در فرآیند تولید طیور گوشتی، تولید جوجه است. در ماشین‌های جوجه‌کشی در مقیاس کوچک برای مصارف خانگی، یکی از موانع در تولید، قطع ناگهانی برق است که به شدت تکامل مرغ را تحت تاثیر قرار می‌دهد چراکه جنین‌ها به شدت به تنش‌های دما و رطوبت حساس هستند. هدف از این مطالعه توسعه یک سامانه اینترنت اشیا (IoT) برای نظارت و کنترل شرایط داخل ماشین‌ جوجه‌کشی است. به دلیل حساسیت تخم‌ها به دما، رطوبت و تهویه داخل ماشین‌ جوجه‌کشی، نظارت بر خط توسط کاربر غیرممکن است. در این مطالعه از برد Arduino-at-Mega 2560 به عنوان کنترل کننده مرکزی استفاده شد. سطح آب درون مخزن رطوبت‌ساز، دما و رطوبت با استفاده از ماژول اینترنت اشیاء sim800 از طریق پروتکل MQTT به پلتفرم ابر اینترنت اشیاء AdaFriut ارسال شد. در سامانه توسعه یافته اینترنت اشیاء، وضعیت داخل ماشین جوجه‎‌کشی شامل دما، رطوبت و سطح آب مخزن هر 30 ثانیه یکبار پایش می‌شود. کاربر می‌تواند با مراجعه به فضای ابری اینترنت اشیا از تلفن همراه خود بدون حضور در محل قرارگیری ماشین جوجه‌کشی برای اطلاع از شرایط ماشین جوجه‌کشی استفاده کند. این سامانه می‌تواند در مواقع اضطراری مانند پایین بودن سطح آب داخل رطوبت‌ساز، قطع برق یا نوسانات شدید دما یا رطوبت، پیامک هشدار را برای کاربر ارسال کند. پس از دریافت پیام هشدار، کاربر می‌تواند برای رفع مشکل به صفحه اینترنت اشیاء مراجعه و دستورات لازم را اعمال کند و یا به محل ماشین‌ جوجه‌کشی مراجعه کند. همچنین در صورت قطع برق از باتری 24 ولتی DC به عنوان منبع تغذیه از ماشین جوجه‌کشی استفاده می‌شود.

https://jam.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_15710_ee80783b05151f8a2f6bb0e6bcfc62e0.pdf