University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Mechanization 2383-126X 4 2 2018 10 23 Determination of the Energy Intensity in Concentrate Feed Production for Livestock (in Niroo-Sahand Factory, Tabriz, Iran) Determination of the Energy Intensity in Concentrate Feed Production for Livestock (in Niroo-Sahand Factory, Tabriz, Iran) 111 119 9570 FA Rahmat Sahraei Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz Mohammad Ali Maysami Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz Hosein Behfar Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz Journal Article 2019 11 23 <strong>Abstract</strong> For energy consumption analysis in animal husbandry, determination of energy equivalent for concentrate feed is a challenge and a point of difference between studies.  This study was conducted for determination of the energy consumption in concentrate feed production. Data was collected from Niroo-Sahand feed factory in Tabriz (in Iran). The primary based energy inputs from electricity, fuels, transportation, machinery and feed materials were intended. The output was concentrate feed (CF) in factory gate in a cradle to gate boundary of the study. The total energy consumption was 8.48 MJ per kg of CF which could be used as its energy intensity in future studies. The energy content of CF was calculated to be 17.47 MJ per kg according to calorimeter experiment. Most of the energy input by 90% was belong to the indirect energy input from ingredient feed materials. Following, 5.8% of the energy input was from transportation of the feed materials from origins to factory. Inside the factory 0.315 MJ per kg of CF was consumed for processing consisted 3.7% of total energy input. Inside of the factory, 60.3% of the energy input was from electricity (primary energy based). To improve the energy intensity of CF, the field operations in feedstuff productions in origins should be considered.   <strong>Abstract</strong> For energy consumption analysis in animal husbandry, determination of energy equivalent for concentrate feed is a challenge and a point of difference between studies.  This study was conducted for determination of the energy consumption in concentrate feed production. Data was collected from Niroo-Sahand feed factory in Tabriz (in Iran). The primary based energy inputs from electricity, fuels, transportation, machinery and feed materials were intended. The output was concentrate feed (CF) in factory gate in a cradle to gate boundary of the study. The total energy consumption was 8.48 MJ per kg of CF which could be used as its energy intensity in future studies. The energy content of CF was calculated to be 17.47 MJ per kg according to calorimeter experiment. Most of the energy input by 90% was belong to the indirect energy input from ingredient feed materials. Following, 5.8% of the energy input was from transportation of the feed materials from origins to factory. Inside the factory 0.315 MJ per kg of CF was consumed for processing consisted 3.7% of total energy input. Inside of the factory, 60.3% of the energy input was from electricity (primary energy based). To improve the energy intensity of CF, the field operations in feedstuff productions in origins should be considered.   https://jam.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9570_aa1222d08f0058b5b798f837897a0cd7.pdf