پدیده خشکسالی و نقش مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی در وقوع یا پیشگیری از آن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

یکی از موضوعات مهم و تاثیرگذار در آینده فناوری‌های کشاورزی نحوه مقابله با تغییرات اقلیمی و محیطی است. امروزه مشکل کاهش آب موجود نه تنها چالشی برای ایران بلکه تهدیدی برای کل جهان است. اما در این میان کشورهای خاورمیانه از جمله ایران سهم بیشتری در این تهدید آبی دارند. بر اساس آمار منتشر شده سهم آب در بخش کشاورزی نسبت به بخش شهری و صنعتی بسیار بیشتر است و این افزایش حدود 91 درصد اعلام شده است، در حالی‌که میانگین جهانی مصرف آب در بخش کشاورزی کمتر از 70 درصد است. بنابراین، لازم است برای اجرای نظام‌های کشاورزی که آب کمی مصرف می‌کنند و یا برای شرایط کم آبی مناسب هستند، راهکارهایی ارائه شود. مکانیزاسیون به‌عنوان مرحله توسعه هر کشت و زرعی می‌تواند به توسعه نظام‌های کشاورزی اصلاحی مناسب شرایط بحران کم آبی کمک کند. در این تحقیق ابتدا نظام‌های کشاورزی توسعه یافته با هدف کاهش مصرف آب شرح داده شد. سپس جایگاه مکانیزاسیون در کشاورزی پایدار و حفاظتی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در ادامه مطالعات و شاخص‌های مکانیزاسیون شامل بهره‌وری آب و انرژی و هزینه تامین آب در شرایط بحران کم آبی مورد بحث قرار گرفت. در نظام کشاورزی پایدار، استفاده از تجهیزات مدرن، هوشمند و مناسب با شرایط ایران در کنار توسعه روش‌های نوین آبیاری می‌تواند به بحران کم‌آبی کمک زیادی کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The phenomenon of drought and the role of agricultural mechanization in its occurrence or prevention

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hassan Zaki Dizaji
  • Negar Hafezi
Associate Professor, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

One of the most important and effective issues in the future of agricultural technologies is how to deal with climate and environmental changes. Todays, the problem of reducing available water is a threat not only to Iran but also to the whole world. But in the meantime, the countries of the Middle East, including Iran, have a more meaningful share of this threat of drought. According to the published statistics, the share of water consumption per capita in the agricultural sector is much higher than in the urban and industrial sectors. Water consumption share in this sector is announced up to 91%. Meanwhile, the global average amount of water consumption in the agricultural sector is less than 70%. Therefore, it is necessary to provide solutions for reforming agricultural systems that use little water or are suitable for water shortage conditions. Mechanization, as a developmental stage of any cultivation, can lead to corrective agricultural systems suitable for water crisis conditions. In this research, at first, developed agricultural systems were described which aim to reduce water consumption. The position of mechanization in agricultural systems, including sustainable and conservation agriculture, was investigated. In the following, mechanization studies and indicators including water and energy productivity and water supply cost were discussed in the case of water shortage-mechanization crisis. In a sustainable agricultural system, the use of modern, intelligent, and suitable equipment for Iran's conditions, along with the development of modern irrigation methods, can greatly contribute to the water shortage crisis.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agricultural systems
  • Irrigation
  • Mechanization
  • New technologies
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